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翻譯：In these early days, as lamp oil, was the important product and the main objects of refining was to extract as much of it as possible from the crude. Lubricants and some fuel oil were also sold, but gasoline was burnt off as unwanted and bitumen was also largely useless.
翻譯：The need for a greater understanding of the pumping process and for the ability to engineer pump installations to a close degree of tolerance is being accentuated by the trend to pump from greater and greater depths . Problems are relatively minor when the pump is at 10,000 ft.
翻譯：It has been suggested that an effective oil source rock generates 10-40 bbl or oil per acre ft (0.0013-0.0052 cc/cc) for each one per cent of organic carbon. This is approximately 500-2000 ppm by weight.
翻譯：A reservoir trap is a combination of physical conditions that will cause hydrocarbon liquids and/or gases and water to accumulate in porous and permeable rock and prevent them from escaping either laterally or vertically because of differences in specific gravity, pressure, fluid/gas characteristics, and/or lithology. It has the capability of collection, holding, and yielding hydrocarbon fluids and water.
翻譯：A portion of the sample is used to determine the gravity of the oil expressed in AIP unit the lighter the oil, the higher the API gravity .In most cases the price paid for the coude is determined in prat by the API gravity, hence ,the importance of careful gravity determination in each instance.
翻譯：crude petroleum is not an equilibrium mixture, and on a geological time scale its composition is slowly changing. S.R.silverman found that heating at 121C for two weeks caused detectable changes, the low-molecular-weight components formed being isotopically lighter so far as the carbon was concerned, than the original.
翻譯：Nearly three-fifths of all known petroleum reserves on Earth is to be found in the territory of the various Arabic-speaking countries. Kuwait , for instance , which is a small nation at the head of the Persian Gulf , with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million , posseses about one-fifth of all the known petroleum reserves in the world.
翻譯：The transportation of oil has also led to the spectacular development of gait ships ,the largest ships that ever sailed the oceans of the world .in the last few years ,since it has been necessary to ship oil from middle East-one of the largest oil producing regions-around the cap of Good Hope in south Africa these tanks has grown to almost unblievable proportions.
翻譯：In the chapter and the next some aspects of rod pumping and of the instruments used to analyze pumping well behavior are discussed. Many different pumping systems are in current use , e.g. , conventional sucker rod pumping, long-stroke pumping , hydraulic ,centrifugal,and sonic pumping ,but no attempt is made to deal here with any other method than convention a sucker rod pumping.
翻譯：the fluid must be identified by direct measurement of certain properties. These measurements involve securing samples of the fluids from the field. The simplest procedure is to make measurements of the properties of the produced fluids. The API gravity of stock-tank oil and the producing gas-oil ratio are routinely determined. The gas-oil ratio is ordinarily the ratio of volume, in standard cubic feet, of gas from the separator to the volume of stock tank oil both measured over the same time interval. If good field practice is followed, the gravity of the separator gas is determined. These data, together with estimates or observations of the reservoir pressure and temperature, can be used to estimate the properties of the reservoir fluids. Such estimates may be of limited accuracy.