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Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.
P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
D（）is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
Syntax
The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.
In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）
Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.